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The Portland State University Hazard Communication (Right-To- Know) Program Technical Manual has been compiled from Oregon hazardous chemical requirements. It is based on Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OR-OSHA) standard OAR Chapter 437 Division 2-1910.1200. The purpose of this code is to evaluate the potential hazards of chemicals and to communicate information concerning hazards and appropriate protective measures to employees. It is PSU's intent to maintain a safe and healthy environment for students, visitors, employees and the surrounding community which can be accomplished through the teachings of this manual.
This technical manual has been revised to be user friendly. Each subject has been defined in a separate category. This is a teaching tool and should serve as a guide when working on your hazardous chemical inventory, reading material safety data sheets (MSDS's), reading labels, and labeling hazardous chemicals. This manual will help you identify and heighten your awareness of potential chemical hazards. It will provide guidance on the precautions necessary and available to protect yourself and others from potential hazards.
Federal and OR-OSHA require all companies that use, handle or manufacture hazardous chemicals to inform all their employees about the PSU Hazard Communication Program. Therefore, it is imperative that full-time and part-time employees, work study, student help, and temporary employees and contracted services be trained to understand our program. The purpose of this mandate is to assure that all employees are aware of the hazards that exist, or may exist, in their workplace. User departments that do not comply may be heavily fined by OR-OSHA.
The PSU Hazard Communication Program is listed below and consists of the following sections:
1. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS's)
2. Container Labeling
3. Chemical Inventory/Index
4. Hazardous Non-Routine Job Tasks
5. Informing Outside Contractors
6. Chemical Disposal
7. Employee Information and Training
If you have any questions, comments, discussion or suggestions, please direct them immediately to the Environmental Health & Safety (EH&S) office.
PSU Hazard Communication (chemical Right-To-Know) program is designed to transmit information regarding the chemical hazards of materials used in the workplace. This outline is designed to provide a brief summary of information that is covered in detail in this technical manual.
Material Data Safety Sheets (MSDS's): All user departments must keep on file a copy of the MSDS of every chemical used in that area. It must be available to every employee during every shift. The original MSDS is kept in the EH&S office. MSDSs can be found at PSU's MSDS website.
Labeling and Other Forms of Warning: All containers of chemicals must be labeled. These labels must include at least the name of the chemicals and/or PSU MSDS numbers of the chemical and appropriate hazard warnings.
List (Inventory) of Chemicals: Each user department must keep a current working list of all chemicals in use and storage. The lists are called the Chemical Inventory/Index (CII). The CII must correspond to the user department MSDS notebook and to the actual chemicals in their various locations.
Hazardous Non-Routine Tasks: The supervisor must review with the employee required cautions to complete non-routine hazardous tasks in a safe manner.
Multi-Employer Workplace: PSU is required to inform other employers' employees (the employees of other employers who work at PSU, i.e., vendors, contractors, temporary help) about the hazards of the chemicals in the workplace in which they will be working, including but not limited to chemicals, contents of pipes in the vicinity, stationary process containers, etc. They are required to inform PSU of any hazardous chemicals they will import into the workplace.
Chemical Disposal-Waste: All hazardous chemical wastes must be disposed of in accordance with the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The specific rules change frequently. As a result, PSU EH&S will assure that the departments generating waste are kept informed of the specific practices. A separate Hazardous Waste and Toxic Use Reduction Program is available for departments generating waste.
Employee Information and Training: New employees will receive Hazard Communications training by Personnel and/or at their department safety orientation and training meetings. Prior to entering the work area, each new employee will receive detailed job specific chemical training from his or her supervisor. All current employees will receive annual updated training. Detailed supervisory training is required annually and is provided by the EH&S office. All training sessions must be documented.
The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is used to relay information about the chemical from the manufacturer or distributor to the user. Information such as flammability, known hazards, personal protective equipment (PPE), and spill clean-up requirements are found on the MSDS.
The OSHA rules require that the first shipment of any hazardous chemical must include an MSDS. Any successive shipments are not required to include an MSDS unless the MSDS is changed by the manufacturer or importer. The rules also require that each user department (a department or area that uses hazardous chemicals) maintain a file of MSDS's and a chemical index for the chemicals used in that department. These MSDS's must be readily available to all employees on all shifts who may come into contact with these chemicals.
It is the responsibility of each employee to read the MSDS for each chemical before he or she uses the chemical(s). The employee must obey the cautions listed on the MSDS and utilize the personal protective equipment (PPE) required to handle that chemical safely.
Every MSDS must include the following information. This information may not be in the same order and may be combined. For detailed definitions of frequently used terms found on MSDS's, refer to Appendix A: Glossary of Terms Found in MSDS's.
1. Product identification.
In this section you will find the name of the chemical. This is written as the chemical name or formula, trade name, or synonym.
2. Chemical composition and hazardous components.
This section lists all the components that make up the chemical.
3. Physical data and chemical characteristics.
This section lists information like vapor density, specific gravity, color and odor of a chemical.
4. Physical hazards (fire, explosion, reactivity, toxic, explosive, flammable, corrosive, radioactive, air/water reactive).
This section covers the types of fire extinguishing media for the particular chemical and other characteristics dealing with fire and explosion hazards.
5. Date of preparation or last change of MSDS.
This date indicates the latest change or correction to the MSDS made by the preparer of the MSDS.
6. Spill or leak clean-up.
This section explains the steps to be taken in case a material is released or spilled. Environmental information requirements on MSDS's have been added to comply with DEQ/EPA.
7. Health hazards (carcinogen, PEL or TLV).
This section discusses subjects like threshold limit value, and effects of overexposure.
8. Emergency and first aid.
This section details the appropriate emergency and first aid procedures necessitated by exposure to the chemical.
9. Personal protective equipment (PPE).
This section lists the measures an employee shall take to protect themselves from the chemical by describing the protective clothing or equipment necessary to handle the chemical. It may vary from gloves and goggles to a full suit with a self-contained breathing apparatus.
NOTE: In classroom situations, students may be exposed to hazardous chemicals and therefore must also wear appropriate PPE. The instructor can order the PPE supplies through the PSU bookstore the same way that a textbook would be ordered. Supplies may include items such as goggles, dust masks, gloves, aprons.
10. Special precautions.
This section includes distinctive needs of various chemicals, i.e., store in cool, dry location, or store away from sunlight, or precautions must be taken not to cause sudden shock to the chemical.
11. Name, address, and phone number of party responsible for writing the MSDS.
12. Chemical disposal.
The chemical manufacturer provides general waste handling and disposal information but it is not usually adequate information. For all chemical waste disposal issues, call EH&S.
PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THE ORIGINAL MSDS.
LABELING AND OTHER FORMS OF WARNING
All types of containers for hazardous materials, i.e., secondary containers, modular dispensing systems, and other stationary process containers must be contained.
All labels must be clear, written in English and prominently displayed. Labels should not be removed or defaced. To facilitate quicker and more accurate inventorying procedures include the PSU MSDS number on all labels.
It is the responsibility of the user department to prohibit the release and subsequent use of any container of hazardous chemicals until the label has been checked for all the required components.
Listed below are the requirements and directions for labeling primary containers, secondary container labels, and piping system labels. Hazardous waste labeling is not regulated by Oregon OSHA but by Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and specific instructions on waste labeling are found in the "Hazardous Waste and Toxic Use Reduction" written program. It is important not to get the labeling requirements confused.
PRIMARY CONTAINER LABELING
The container received directly from the manufacturer is called the primary container. Check each container entering your workplace for appropriate labeling. Chemical manufacturers, importers and distributors must be sure that each container of hazardous chemicals they ship or sell is labeled, tagged, or marked with the identity of the hazardous chemical(s), the appropriate hazard warnings, and the name and address of the chemical manufacturer, distributor, importer, or the other responsible party.
To be in compliance with the rules the following information must be on the label of every primary container: Original manufacturer label or a PSU label with the following information:
1. Chemical identification.
2. Appropriate hazard warnings per MSDS. This must include ratings for health (cancer, poisoning, etc.), flammability, reactivity and information for appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). SeeAppendix B, Hazard Rating index.
3. Name and address of manufacturer.
SECONDARY CONTAINER LABELING
Any portion of a hazardous chemical moved from a primary container to a secondary container must be labeled with the following information:
1. Identity of the chemical by name, and/or by PSU MSDS number. The name and/or PSU MSDS number must be written in the white section on the top of the label.
2. Appropriate hazard warnings as listed on the original label or as described in the secondary labeling system PSU is using. The warning label descriptions are provided in Appendix C: Information for Labels and Related Materials , and each department has access to secondary labels and label charts. The secondary label is written by comparing the information on the MSDS to the description on the chart to decide the level of risk and the appropriate PPE. Clearly write the number and letter on the corresponding section of the label. If you have any doubts over which code to use, always use the higher number. All the warning sections and the personal protective equipment section must be completed. If the chemical can cause chronic effects such as cancer, an asterisk is placed with the number in the health section.
LABELING PIPES SYSTEMS
Hazardous chemicals in piping systems are required to be identified per Oregon OSHA rule OAR 37-02-378: "Pipes and piping systems which contain hazardous substances (any health or physical hazardous agent) or transport substances in hazardous state shall be labeled...."
They must be lettered labels. The label shall give the name of the contents in full or abbreviated form. The labels may be posted in the area of the pipe/piping systems. The labeling shall be applied at a minimum at the beginning and end of continuous pipe runs. A complete hazard label is not required on pipes. Asbestos containing insulation must also be labeled. For any questions about labeling of piping systems, please contact the EH&S office.
SPECIFIC CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE LABELING OR WARNINGS
OR-OSHA does have additional chemical rules which require special labeling or warning signs to be posted in the storage or use areas. These include warnings about health hazards as well as warning about "no smoking" or other hazards. PLEASE CONTACT THE HEALTH & SAFETY OFFICE IF YOU HAVE ANY OF THE FOLLOWING CHEMICALS to assure proper warning/labeling: welding/cutting gases (i.e., acetylene, oxygen); asbestos; formaldehyde; liquefied petroleum gas. Note: laboratory chemical hazard communication includes additional issues which are provided in the OSHA required Chemical Hygiene Plan.
LIST OF CHEMICALS
Oregon OSHA requires that all employers maintain a list of all hazardous chemicals in use or stored for use. The list must match with the Material Safety Data Sheet's name or identifier.
Each PSU user department is responsible for maintaining and updating a Chemical Inventory/Index (CII) on an ongoing basis. The CII is the individualized list of chemicals used by the department. It is organized by department and storage or major use areas. Therefore, some departments may have several different CII because the chemicals are in a variety of locations. The CII has three purposes:
1. It is the list of the chemicals found in each room for each department. 2. It is the index that corresponds to your MSDS files. 3. It is the reference for PSU employees and students, the PSU Emergency Response staff, the Fire Department and other outside agencies.
The CII will be inspected by the Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) office, OR-OSHA and/or the Campus Safety Committee (CSC). By OSHA rules the university is required to maintain records of all hazardous chemicals in use or previously used for 30 years. Copies of the MSDS's that correspond to each of these chemicals must be filed with this list.
CONTENTS OF THE CII:
The Chemical Inventory/Index has the following information:
1. Date of printout - upper left hand corner
2. Name of the department, location, and specific room
3. The inventory has seven columns. The following data columns are to be filled out and correct.
"S": status code of the product
MSDS #: the inventory number given to the product by the EH&S office
Chemical Name/Description: the product identifying information by trade name or chemical name
Units & Quantity: optional data columns
Manufacturer/Distributor: primary manufacturer or distributor's name
Secondary Labeling Hazard Codes: column not in current use
Date: date of MSDS - if there are multiple MSDS's from different companies, only one date appears
UPDATING AND ADDING CHEMICALS TO THE LIST (CII):
To complete the inventorying procedure the following steps need to be done. You will be cross-referencing and verifying between your CII, the actual chemical label, and your MSDS file. First- time user departments contact the EH&S office for special instructions.
To assure that the CII is up to date and reflects the chemicals in current use and location, it is important that the inventory be revised when new chemicals are used or specific chemical product is discontinued. The following outlines the steps in updating the inventory and insuring that it is correct.
UPDATING CII THAT ARE OUT OF DATE
Step 1 - If you do not have the most current CII, contact the Health & Safety office for a computer printout of your department's inventory.
Step 2 - Compare your CII with the actual chemicals in use or store in the department.
Step 3 - As you find new chemicals or products not on the list, add those directly to the list. Add the correct status code to your CII. (See Status Code Explanation.)
Step 4 - Compare your revised list to the MSDS's for your department. If MSDS's are missing, contact the manufacturer/distributor by completingMSDS Request Form . When you repurchase the chemicals you should get an updated MSDS, especially if the current date is older than 1990. Get a FAX copy while waiting for an original in the mail. Make sure the FAX copy is legible.
Step 5 - Once you receive the MSDS, check the document to ensure that it is legible and complete with all pages. If not, obtain a new copy from the manufacturer or the distributor.
Step 6 - If still unable to obtain an MSDS, contact the Health & Safety office for advice. If the product is to be disposed of, the contents must be determined prior to proper disposal. DOCUMENT THE ATTEMPTS TO ACQUIRE THE MSDS. If the company no longer exists or the MSDS is not available, documentation of your attempts to obtain an MSDS must be kept on file in your user department MSDS notebook and maintained in lieu of an MSDS. Forward a copy of the letter and the returned envelope when applicable which were went to the distributor or manufacturer requesting an MSDS to the EH&S office to be assigned a PSU MSDS number.
ADDING A NEW CHEMICAL TO YOUR CII
To maintain the list current, you will need to submit the Chemical Update Form when you have added a chemical.
Step 1 - When purchasing a new chemical product or brand, be sure to ask for the MSDS on your purchase order.
Step 2 - Fill our Chemical Update form and submit it with the new MSDS to the Health & Safety office.
Step 3 - You will receive an updated CII with MSDS inventory number.
Step 4 - If the new product introduces any new hazards for the department's employees, be sure that all affected employees are trained in the new information. Please see Training Update form, page 64.
ACTION TO TAKE WHEN THE USER DEPARTMENT RECEIVES AN UPDATED MSDS
Step 1 - If you have received an updated MSDS with a repurchase of same product in use, please submit the Chemical Update form marking the applicable information to the EH&S office with a copy of the updated MSDS.
Step 2 - Be sure to review the MSDS to determine if any additional training is needed as a result of the information change.
Step 3 - Ensure that the user department's MSDS binders are updated with the current MSDS. The older MSDS which is replaced by the newer version may be disposed of.
ACTION TO TAKE WHEN REMOVING A CHEMICAL PRODUCT FROM YOUR ACTIVE LIST (INVENTORY)
Step 1 - Ensure that the chemical is not in use or storage. Send an updated CII page or the chemical update form with the changed status code to the EH&S office.
Step 2 - The user department will receive an updated CII showing a Status 8. (Chemical is no longer in use or stored in the user department.)
LOCATION OF THE CII & MSDS's
The complete campus/building-wide CII is found in the following locations:
Each user department needs to maintain a copy of the MSDS and a current list (inventory) for the chemical products they use.
STATUS CODE DIRECTORY
Status 1 - Indicates a chemical is currently in use and a hard copy of the MSDS is on file.
Status 2 - Indicates a chemical is currently in use but an MSDS was not obtained from the manufacturer or importer and/or a generic chemical MSDS is being used for the product.
Status 8 - Indicates a chemical is no longer in use by the university and/or user department, but previously was on the Chemical Inventory/Index.
HAZARDOUS NON-ROUTINE TASKS
Periodically employees may be required to perform hazardous non- routine tasks. Prior to starting work on such projects the employee(s) will be trained by their supervisor about hazards of the chemicals to which they may be exposed to directly or indirectly during such an activity.
The non-routine task "training session" will include at least the following information:
1. Specific chemical hazards of the job.
2. Protective and safety measures the employee will take.
3. Measures taken to reduce the hazards, including but not limited to ventilation, respirators, presence of another employee and emergency procedures.
4. Spill or leak cleanup.
5. Specific hazards associated with chemicals or chemicals in a hazardous state found in containers, pipes or other stationary process containers (stills, etc.) found in that work area.
Documentation of these training sessions must be recorded on a Non-Routine Task Training form for review by the EH&S office, OR- OSHA and/or a the Campus Safety Committee (CSC). See Appendix E Form #2 Non-Routine Hazardous Task Documentation.
MULTI-EMPLOYER WORKPLACE - INFORMING OTHER COMPANYS' EMPLOYEES (Contractors, Temporary Services)
To assure the safety of non-PSU employees who work at PSU, it is the responsibility of all areas who hire these people to provide them with the following information:
1. Location of Hazardous Chemical Inventory/Index and of MSDS's that correlate to the chemicals that will be found in that work area.
2. Precautionary measures that need to be taken to protect the employees during the workplace's normal operating conditions and in foreseeable emergencies.
3. Description of the labeling system used in that particular workplace.
It is also the responsibility of contractors and other non-PSU employees who work at PSU to inform the work area supervisor of their intent to use hazardous chemicals, and to provide the area supervisor with the MSDS. The supervisor forwards a copy of the MSDS to the EH&S office. The PSU supervisor needs to describe his or her labeling system and disclose the precautionary measures necessary to protect all employees in the designated work area.
Documentation must be completed prior to chemicals being brought to the workplace and to the non-PSU employee's arrival at the work site. The Multi-Employer Workplace Training Verification form must be completed with MSDS's attached and sent to the Health & Safety office and the work site department supervisor. The PSU supervisor needs to make copies of the information form and keep a copy. See Appendix E,Form #3 Multi-Employer Workplace Training Verification
HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL WASTE DISPOSAL
Each user department is responsible to regulate the disposal of its hazardous wastes. Most chemicals that are used at PSU are regulated by DEQ and cannot be disposed of down the drain or in the trash.
To reduce the demands, expense and hazards of disposal, each user department must review and evaluate possible alternatives to a process or experiment that creates a chemical waste, also known as a waste stream. Attempts to reduce, resuse, or recycle the waste stream shall be made. By analyzing the process, chemical substitutions can be chosen to create a safer chemical waste stream. Reduce, reuse, or recycle are the key words in this evaluation process.
Health & Safety and the department staff will work together to evaluate the waste stream and decide how to handle proper disposal. The evaluation process and procedures are provided in detail in the HAZARDOUS WASTE AND TOXIC USE REDUCTION PROGRAM for FACILITY OPERATIONS AND DEPARTMENTAL LABORATORIES.
If you have chemical that are not currently part of our hazardous waste program, please call EH&S to have the waste stream evaluated. It is critical that PSU follow all hazardous waste regulations. Don't hesitate to call if you have any questions about waste disposal. Those departments already part of the hazardous waste program will have specially trained staff and copies of the specific written program.
EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND TRAINING
The university is required by Oregon OSHA to provide hazard communication training to all employees who may come into contact with hazardous chemicals in the work area. The training must cover at least the risks, hazards and precautions necessary to handle all chemicals in the work area.
This training must be done for all new employees initially or when there is a change in the chemicals or chemical hazards. It is the goal of the university to have all hazardous chemical training updated on an annual basis. The training must be documented. See Appendix E, Form #1 Employee Training Verification . The documentation will be audited by the EH&S office, the Campus Safety Committee (CSC), and/or OR-OSHA.
Training will consist of a detailed training session to be completed by the employee's supervisor. The detailed session will address the specific needs of the particular user department. EH&S will conduct followup on the training to assure that it is completed and employees understand the hazard communication training.
The session is to be given by the employee's supervisor and/or Health & Safety staff, who will review the information listed above and cover in detail the following information:
1. An overview of the requirements contained in the OR-OSHA
Hazard Communication code.
2. The locations of the user department and campus Chemical
Inventory/Index and availability of MSDS's.
3. Directions on how to read and use labels and MSDS's.
4. Review of the hazardous chemicals found in the work
environment, including the physical and health hazards associated
with the chemical products.
5. Employees need to understand how hazardous non-routine tasks
will be communicated.
6. Review of how to handle hazardous materials spills/releases
and reviews of hazardous waste disposal will be done for the
departments that generate wastes.
The following information is provided to assist supervisors in training employees as to the hazard communication program and the OSHA requirements. The training is provided in four sections followed by a quiz to determine the employee's level of understanding. The sections are:
Review of the Hazard Communication Rules; How chemicals can be hazardous, including the use of labels and MSDS; Use of Personal Protective Equipment; and Chemical/Physical hazards of chemical groups.
WHAT HAZARD COMMUNICATION IS ALL ABOUT: "EMPLOYEE RIGHT TO KNOW"
OREGON HAZARD COMMUNICATION RULES
PSU's Hazard Communication program is designed to transmit information regarding the chemical hazards of materials used in the workplace. This outline is designed to provide a summary of the Oregon Hazard Communication Rules to aid in understanding the rules as required.
SUMMARY OUTLINE OF THE HAZARD COMMUNICATION RULES
I. The Scope of the Rules includes the application to:
A. All Oregon employers.
B. All hazardous chemicals found in the workplace under normal or emergency conditions.
C. Exclusions: The rules do contain some specific exclusions.
1. Additional labeling is not required on hazardous materials under Federal Agency requirements for:
--Pesticides
--Food, Drug, and Additive Products
--Alcoholic Beverages
--Consumer Products
2. The following materials are exempted from these rules:
--Hazardous Wastes
--Tobacco Products
--Articles (manufactured items)
--Food, Drugs and Cosmetics used by the employees personally
3. Hazardous consumer products do not need to be included in your Hazard Communication program if employees use the product(s) in the same manner as normal consumer use.
4. Office workers are generally exempt from coverage with the standard, unless they are exposed to other chemical process materials.
5. A change in the rules in 1994 now includes all wood products, including dimensional lumber, plywood, and particle board. If these products are used, an MSDS is required and posting of a label requiring wood dust if the products are sawed, sanded, or used in manner to release dust.
II. Hazard Determination
Chemical manufacturers and importers are required to assess the physical and health hazards associated with the chemicals they produce. This information must be conveyed to your employer by means of labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). The Hazard Communication Rules specify how the hazard determination must be done. A hazardous chemical includes:
1. Chemicals that are presently regulated and considered hazardous.
2. Evaluation of the scientific evidence to determine the chemical(s) effect on animals or humans.
III. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS's)
A. Chemical manufacturers are required to develop an MSDS for each hazardous chemical or mixtures based on the information they developed from the Hazard Determination.
B. Employers should receive the MSDS from the from the chemical manufacturers upon the initial purchase of hazardous chemicals.
C. The MSDS should cover 12 major elements or it should be stated on the MSDS if there is no relevant or applicable information. The mandatory items for inclusion are:
1. Identity of the chemical(s) presenting physical or health hazards.
2. The physical and chemical characteristics, such as vapor pressure, flashpoint, and solubility of the chemicals.
3. The physical hazards, such as reactivity, explosibility, and fire potential.
4. The health hazards, including the signs and symptoms of illness and medical conditions which might be aggravated by exposure.
5. The primary routes of entry of the chemical into the body.
6. The Permissible Exposure Limits published and/or recommended limits for the chemical.
7. Whether the chemical is listed as a carcinogen.
8. The precautions necessary for safe use.
9. The known control measures, including engineering, work practices, and personal protective equipment necessary to protect against the hazards.
10. Emergency and first-aid procedures.
11. The date of preparation of the MSDS or the date of last change in contents.
12. The name, address, and phone number of the person responsible for the MSDS.
D. The chemical manufacturers are required to update the MSDS within three months of learning that new hazard data are available which affect the MSDS information.
E. The employer needs to maintain copies of the MSDS's for each hazardous chemical in the workplace, and shall assure that they are readily accessible during each work shift to employees when they are in their work areas.
IV. Labels
A. When the employer receives containers of hazardous materials, the containers should have a label providing the following information:
1. Identity of the hazardous chemical(s).
2. Hazard warning statement.
3. Name and address of the chemical manufacturer or
importer.
B. As hazardous chemicals are transferred from the original containers to portable or stationary containers, the employer needs to assure that these secondary containers are labeled with the identity and the hazard warning statement.
C. Alternative posting, signs, or placards may be used in lieu of labels directly affixed on stationary containers.
D. Portable containers for immediate use are exempt from labeling. An immediate use container defined by Oregon OSHA means that the hazardous chemical will be under the control of and used only by the person who transfers it from a labeled container and only within the work shift in which it is transferred. All other portable containers MUST BE LABELED.
E. Piping systems are exempt from labeling under Hazard Communication Rules, but need to be labeled in accordance with OAR 437-02-378 Pipe Labeling. This standard includes provisions for labeling pipes and piping systems which contain hazardous substances. The standard also requires the labeling of pipes which have asbestos insulation.
V. Written Hazard Communication Program
A written Hazard Communication Program is required by the rules. The plan should be concise, understandable, accurate, and must contain the following elements:
A. A statement organizing how the employer will meet the obligations in the rules on: Labeling, Material Safety Data Sheets, and Employee Training.
B. A list of the hazardous chemicals in the workplace. This list can serve as a checkpoint to assure that all chemicals in the workplace have all the appropriate information. The chemical names used on the list developed for each individual work area or the whole workplace.
C. A plan of how to make employees aware of hazards they might encounter while performing non-routine tasks.
D. If there are chemicals in unlabeled pipes in the work area, the written plan must include how the employer will educate employees about the hazards associated with those chemicals.
E. The plan must state how the employer will inform contractors with employees of any hazardous chemicals to which they may be exposed. Also, include any suggestions for appropriate protection measures to be taken by the contractor's employees.
VII. Trade Secrets
A. Chemical manufacturers or employers may withhold the actual chemical identity if they are protecting a bona fide trade secret.
B. Chemical manufacturers or employers must release the actual chemical identity to health professionals under both emergency and non-emergency conditions.
C. The rules provide specific conditions for trade secret release and for holding the information confidential.
HOW A CHEMICAL CAN BE HAZARDOUS
The overall health hazard information on an MSDS comes from studying the toxic effects chemicals may have on animals and humans. It is important to remember that all materials can be toxic to a living organism depending on the concentration of the material taken into the body and the actual toxic mechanism of the chemical. The following information is to assist training employees on how chemicals can be hazardous and the general hazards associated with basic chemical groups. The MSDS should be reviewed for the specific hazards of a chemical product.
A. Routes of Exposure by which a chemical can enter the body include:
Inhalation - generally the most important route of entry for workplace exposures is the result of breathing dusts, vapors, and fumes.
Skin Absorption or Contact - is also an important route of entry into the body or can result in direct effects on the skin.
Chemicals do vary a great deal in their ability to be absorbed through the skin. The user should carefully review the MSDS to determine if the specific product being used can be a skin hazard. Some chemicals can represent significant absorption potential such as organic solvents and many pesticide formulations.
Ingestion - this is not generally a significant workplace route of exposure but can be important with highly toxic materials such as lead. Remember it is potentially hazardous to eat or drink in areas with open containers of hazardous materials including laboratories.
B. The Toxic Response
Toxicity is the ability of a substance to cause injury to biologic tissue. The hazard associated with the substance is the likelihood that it will cause injury in a given environment or situation. The hazard of substances depends on:
Toxicity How it is absorbed into the body How it is metabolized and excreted How rapidly the chemical acts on the body The warning proprieties of the material
A hypothetical substance of extreme hazard would be an agent that is in the extremely toxic class; rapidly absorbed by inhalation, skin contact or ingestion; slowly metabolized and/or excreted; thus resulting in accumulation in the body; capable of rapidly causing irreversible effects and without warning properties. Clearly, such a substance would be hazardous to handle.
The second group are other factors that determine the hazard of a material; its physical characteristics and manner in which the substance will be encountered in the workplace. For example, a liquid with a high vapor pressure will reach a higher airborne concentration and will be more hazardous than an equally toxic liquid with a low vapor pressure.
Factors that determine the potential for fire and explosion, such as flash point and lower explosive limit, are also important. Any work practices that will cause high ambient levels or frequent or prolonged exposure will contribute to the hazard associated with a substance.
C. Acute vs. Chronic Disease or Response
Chronic - response over time to repeated exposures Acute - total of adverse effects which occur following exposure to a single dose, usually a high dose
D. Sensitive Individuals and Allergic Reactions
Some individuals simply respond to chemicals at much lower exposure levels than others.
Immunologic response to chemical causing a sensitization reaction (poison oak, epoxy hardeners, or isocyanates in paint products)
E. Review an example Material Safety Data Sheet covering each of the 12 points on the sheet.
1. Identity of the chemical(s)
2. The physical and chemical characteristics
3. The physical hazards
4. The health hazards
5. The primary routes of entry
6. The Permissible Exposure Limits and recommended Threshold Limit Values
7. Carcinogen
8. The precautions necessary for safe use
9. Control measures
10. Emergency and first-aid procedures
11. The date of preparation
12. Name, address, and phone number of the preparer (i.e.,
chemical manufacturer, importer)
NOTE: Trainer should review an EXAMPLE MSDS
CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING (CPC) - A METHOD OF CHEMICAL EXPOSURE PROTECTION
A. Potential Effects of Chemicals on the Skin
There is variation of the susceptibility by individual. The presence of skin disorders which disrupt the layer of the skin, such as rashes, cuts, abrasions, scaling and fissuring can make the skin more susceptible to these effects. The purpose of chemical protective clothing is to preclude or reduce the risk of injury to the skin or health effects from chemical absorption through the skin, causing other organ damage (systemic effects).
1. Direct Effects: When working with hazardous chemicals, proper selection and use of protective clothing is essential to reduce occupational skin illness and skin damage. Skin disorders are still the leading cause of occupational illness. Serious skin damage and dermatitis can result in contact with chemicals, especially at the high concentrations which are possible during an emergency spill or release response.
2. Effects from Skin Absorption (Systemic Effects): Skin permeation can result in uptake of the chemical in the blood system where the chemical's toxic effects appear at other body organ sites.
3. Workplace Use and Conditions Which Enhance Permeation of the Skin or Potential Dose - It is important to remember that the effects from chemical contact on the skin can be increased based on:
--The chemical or chemicals involved
--Contact frequency and duration
--Potential for occlusion (trapping) of the chemicals on the skin under clothing
--Concentration of the chemical(s) in the solution or mixture
B. Chemical Protective Clothing Program Key Elements
1. Assessing Need - Both routine and emergency handling of chemicals could result in direct skin exposure to toxic chemical. Examples include:
--Handling of liquid chemicals
--Spray painting
--Maintenance and quality-control activities for chemical
processes
2. Protection Level and Performance Needs
--How will the equipment be used
--Mechanical and physical hazards
--Protection period required
--Chemical toxicity
--Severity of potential chemical contact
--Temperature of chemicals
--Multiple chemical exposure
3. Selection Based on Hazard
--Physical properties to avoid penetration by chemicals
--Permeation resistance
--Degradation exposure
--Hazard assessment: what happens if equipment fails
--Document selection
4. Types & Selection of Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC)
Various types of clothing are available to select from. The table on the next page outlines the types of protection available.
a. Eye and Face Protection: Chemical goggles are necessary to prevent liquid splash from entering the eye.
A face shield is not a replacement for goggles and does not provide complete eye protection. It is designed to prevent direct splash exposures to the face. Chemical goggles must also be worn under a face shield. For instance a splash, stream, or jet of chemicals could hit the worker's chest and splash up under the face shield, directly into the wearer's eyes. The longer and thicker lenses provide the best protection to the wearer.
b. Head Protection: There are splash hoods with viewing lenses available. These are usually used with full body protection.
c. Hand Protection: Gloves are the most common CPC. A large variety of products is available from many manufacturers. A great deal of confusion exists as to what glove should be selected for a specific job. Before the correct glove can be selected, one needs to understand the basic differences in chemical protective glove materials.
d. Foot Protection: Until recently, commercially available chemical protective boots were all made of PVC or rubber. With CPC users demanding more chemically resistant boots, manufacturers are developing a limited number of polymer blends that will be more resistant to certain chemicals.
e. Body Protection: From the simplest form (the apron) to the most complicated (the totally-encapsulating chemical protective suit), body protective clothing provides covering or a barrier for the body from select hazards.
5. Training of the Users
a. Pre-Use Inspection: Each item of clothing should be inspected immediately upon removing it from the package. Visually inspect the items for defects such as imperfect seams, non-uniform coatings, pinholes, malfunctioning closures, and tears. Some flexible materials may stiffen during extended storage periods; flex the product and observe for surface cracks or other signs of shelf-life deterioration.
Pinholes may be detectable by holding the garment up to a light in a dark room. Gloves with holes can be identified by pressurizing the glove. Blow into the glove and tightly roll the gauntlet toward the fingers, reducing volume and increasing pressure while observing whether the glove holds pressure. The inflated glove may also be placed under water to see if air bubbles appear.
b. Donning: Each worker should thoroughly inspect the clothing to be worn immediately before donning. Of principal concern are cuts, tears, punctures, and discoloration or stiffness which may indicate chemical attack during previous use or non-uniformities in the rubber or plastic.
The wearer should understand all aspects of the clothing operation and its limitations; this is especially important for full-body encapsulating ensembles where misuse could potentially result in suffocation.
c. In Use: During the course of the work task, each worker should periodically inspect the protective clothing. Of principal concern are tears, punctures, seam discontinuities, or closure failure that may have developed while working. Evidence of chemical attack such as discoloration, swelling, stiffening, or softening should also be noted. Any item of clothing that has been physically damaged or chemically degarded should be replaced as soon as possible.
d. Doffing: A principal objective when removing clothing is to restrict the transfer of chemical out of the work area. A second objective is to avoid contact of the person doffing the garment as well as others with chemical on the outside of the garment.
e. Inspection, Maintenance and Repair procedures need to follow the manufacturer's recommendations and the safety standards.
TABLE 1: The Specific Body Part(s) Requiring Protection and the Type of CPC Equipment Used
Body Part CPC Type
Eye and Face Protection Chemical goggle
Face shield
Full-face respirator
TECP suit lens
Head Protection Splash hood
Hard hat
TECP suit material & seams
Hand Protection Glove
Body Protection Apron
Coveralls
Splash suit (pants & coat)
TECP suit vent valves
TECP suit gas-tight zipper
Foot Protection Boots/booties
TECP suit material & seams
(TECP = totally-encapsulated chemical protective suit)
IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICALS & ASSOCIATED HAZARDS IN YOUR WORK AREA OR OPERATIONS
REVIEW OF THE CHEMICAL/PRODUCT INVENTORIES
A wide variety of chemical products are used by PSU employees. The products usage varies from incidental small volume usage from spray cans to more significant ongoing usage of products. The Chemical Product lists have also been formatted to show the product's basic hazard class, basic usage, and general precautions. We will review the chemical list and chemical groups for what kinds of hazards these chemicals represent, how to control, and how to detect the presence of these materials.
CHEMICAL HAZARD GUIDES AND SUMMARY LIST
The following Chemical Hazard Guides have been developed for the following groups of chemicals to assist the supervisor in presenting the basic chemical hazards. For specific chemical products, the manufacturer's MSDS should be reviewed.
The following guides focus on various chemicals or processes our employees may encounter. The master product computer printout provides a detailed listing of the chemical composition in each product and a KEY notation as to which chemical group the product's major hazards are associated with. Many of the products are mixtures, so the most hazardous component was selected for the training.
Note: The following chemical data sheets are based on chemicals and chemical group training, but are not meant to replace the manufacturer's MSDS or other detailed chemical reference materials, but are to be used to aid in employee Hazard Communication and Chemical Substances training.
GENERAL CHEMICAL GROUP TRAINING: AQUEOUS AMMONIA (AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE)
HEALTH EFFECTS: Corrosives are chemicals that cause destruction of tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.
Inhalation: Ammonia mists or vapors are severely irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract, may cause mucous membrane burns if exposure to high concentration. Bronchitis and upon severe exposures lung damage can result in fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
Skin: Prolonged or repeated contact of dilute liquid with the skin will cause irritation and dermatitis. Contact with the concentrated liquid will cause burns and possible permanent damage to the skin and eyes and is harmful if absorbed through the skin.
Eyes: Contact with the eyes will cause burns. The concentrated form is extremely destructive to the eyes.
Ingestion: Poisonous if swallowed, requires immediate medical attention. May be fatal.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Aqueous ammonia is not to be mixed with other materials, especially bleach or acids, as it will produce heat and toxic vapors.
DETECTION OF RELEASE & SPILL CONTROL
Ammonia is a colorless liquid with an intense, pungent, suffocating odor. If the material is spilled or leaks, do not touch the spilled material. Stop the leak if you can do it without risk; wear appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, apron, full facepiece respirator with ammonia cartridges). The spilled ammonia should be covered with bentonite (cat litter) or other commercial absorbents and placed in a plastic container. Contact the Environmental Officer for disposal.
EXPOSURE CONTROL
Use product in a well-ventilated area. Wear ammonia-resistant gloves such as nitrile rubber and aprons if skin contact occurs. Wear goggles if possible eye splash hazard. If the use area is not ventilated, wear appropriate respiratory protection for prolonged use such as a full face respirator with ammonia cartridge.
Protective Equipment: Use nitrile rubber or other corrosive resistant gloves, aprons, or clothing if prolonged or repeated skin contact may occur. Use splash goggles or face shield when eye contact may occur.
Work Practices and Engineering Control: Ventilation is to be used when it is necessary to prevent build-up of mists, vapors, dusts, or fumes. Keep containers closed when not in use. Do not handle or store near heat or sources of ignition.
Waste Disposal: Ammonia wastes are not permitted in concentrated levels to be disposed of through either the sanitary or storm sewers without pre-treatment. Be sure and follow the environmental requirements that have been established for proper and safe disposal.
FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Eye Contact: If splashed into the eyes, flush with water for 15 minutes or until irritation subsides. If irritation continues, call a physician.
Skin Contact: In case of skin contact, remove any contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with water and soap.
Inhalation: If overcome by fumes, remove from exposure and call a physician immediately. If breathing is irregular or has stopped, start resuscitation.
Ingestion: If ingested, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Call emergency medical aid immediately.
GENERAL CHEMICAL GROUP TRAINING: CORROSIVES (ACIDS OR CAUSTICS)
HEALTH EFFECTS: Corrosives are chemicals that cause destruction of tissue by chemical action at the site of contact. (Highly Corrosive Gases - Chlorine & Anhydrous Ammonia need to be reviewed separately and as part of a Hazardous Materials class)
Inhalation: Acid or caustic mists or vapors are severely irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract, may cause mucous membrane burns if exposure to high concentration. Bronchitis and upon severe exposures lung damage may result in fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
Skin: Prolonged or repeated contact of dilute liquid with the skin will cause irritation and dermatitis. Contact with the concentrated liquid will cause burns and possible permanent damage to the skin and eyes and is harmful if absorbed through the skin.
Eyes: Contact with the eyes will cause burns. The concentrated form is extremely destructive to the eyes.
Ingestion: Poisonous if swallowed, requires immediate medical attention. May be fatal.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Corrosive chemicals will react with water or steam to produce heat, or organic chemicals, or metal or with oxidizers to produce a dangerous reaction. Some acids may burn but none will ignite readily. Corrosives can evaporate to leave crystals of salts that could be highly irritating. DON'T MIX CONCENTRATED ACIDS AND CAUSTICS - RESULTS IN VIOLENT REACTION AND TOXIC VAPORS.
IMPORTANT WORK PRACTICE IS NEVER TO ADD WATER TO ACID. Use the 3A rule: Always Add Acid to water. Mixing water into acid results in a rapid chemical reaction that can release heat, causing acid vapors, splashing, and boiling over.
DETECTION OF RELEASE & SPILL CONTROL
Acids have a distinctive odor (caustics to a lesser degree) when spilled or released; some may fume on contact with certain materials. If the material is spilled or leaks, do not touch the spilled material. Stop the leak if you can do it without risk.
EXPOSURE CONTROL
Use product in a well-ventilated area. Wear acid/caustic- resistant gloves such as nitrile rubber and aprons if skin contact occurs. Wear goggles if possible eye splash hazard. If the use area is not well ventilated, wear appropriate respiratory protection for prolonged use, such as a 1/2 face respirator with an acid/gas cartridge, or for caustic mists an HEPA filter.
Protective Equipment: Use nitrile rubber or other corrosive- resistant gloves, aprons, or clothing if prolonged or repeated skin contact may occur. Use splash goggles or face shield when eye contact may occur. For Hydrogen Peroxide, use butyl rubber gloves.
Work Practices and Engineering Control: Ventilation is to be used when it is necessary to prevent build-up of mists, vapors, dusts, or fumes. Keep containers closed when not in use. Do not handle or store near heat or sources of ignition. ACIDS AND BASES CAN NOT BE STORED TOGETHER.
Waste Disposal: Acid and caustics are not permitted in concentrated levels to be disposed of through either the sanitary or storm sewers without pre-treatment. Be sure to follow the environmental requirements that have been established for proper and safe disposal.
FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Eye Contact: If splashed into the eyes, flush with water for 15 minutes or until irritation subsides. If irritation continues, call a physician.
Skin Contact: In case of skin contact, remove any contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with water and soap.
Inhalation: If overcome by fumes, remove from exposure and call a physician immediately. If breathing is irregular or has stopped, start resuscitation.
Ingestion: If ingested, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Call emergency medical aid immediately.
GENERAL CHEMICAL GROUP TRAINING: CHLORINATED SOLVENTS (i.e., METHYLENE CHLORIDE, TRICHLOROETHANE, FREON)
HEALTH EFFECTS
Health effects of chlorinated varies by the specific type of material. While most of the chlorinated solvents cause the same general effects, they also vary considerably according to the level of concentration. In general, the following potential health effects apply:
Inhalation: Low concentrations of solvent vapors can cause drowsiness and headaches. Higher concentrations can cause narcosis and anaesthesia, and lead to damage to the liver and central nervous system. Irregular heart beating (arrhythmia) has been reported with exposures to Freon and other chlorinated solvents.
Most chlorinated solvents will vaporize rapidly and become airborne.
Overexposure to methylene chloride by inhalation cause carbon monoxide poisoning. The body's metabolism breaks methylene chloride down into several byproducts, including carbon monoxide. Thus, methylene chloride causes both direct and indirect effects upon the central nervous system and heart, by reducing the amount of oxygen the body may carry to the tissues.
Eyes: Splashes of liquid in the eye may cause irritation, possible corneal burns and pain if the liquid is not washed out.
Skin Contact: Prolonged or repeated liquid contact with the skin may cause drying and defatting of the skin, leading to possible irritation, dermatitis, cracking, and secondary bacterial infections. Methylene chloride can rapidly absorb through the skin.
Long-Term Chronic Hazard: Each organic solvent's long-term possible health effects will vary from the others', but solvent exposures are related to possible liver, kidney, and central nervous system and brain damage.
Ingestion: Toxic by ingestion, however this is not a normal route of exposure in the workplace.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Chlorinated solvents are NOT flammable and combustible. However, chlorinated solvent vapors in the presence of heat, open flames, or intense UV light can dispose to generate toxic gases. These gases include hydrochloric acid and phosgene (a World War I nerve gas and serve irritant).
The materials are stable and will not react violently with water. Under certain circumstances, can react violently with aluminum to form acidic gases.
DETECTION OF RELEASE & SPILL CONTROL
If the material is spilled or leaks, shut off and eliminate all sources of ignition. Many chlorinated solvents are difficult to detect by odor, thus levels can be above the OSHA standards prior to detection of the chemical.
Recover small spills by adding sand, earth, or other absorbents to the spill. Due to the volatility of the materials, high concentrations can develop rapidly in poorly ventilated areas. Minimize breathing vapors (use approved respiratory protection) and skin contact. Ventilate the area with local exhaust or by opening windows and doors. Follow the hazardous waste disposal procedures we have established.
Larger spills need to be cleaned up using supplied air respirators and protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Local forced ventilation to dilute the vapors is advisable.
EXPOSURE CONTROL
Operations involving the use of chlorinated solvents need to be done in well ventilated areas. Specific process operations using chlorinated solvents require local exhaust ventilation. Further controls involve the use of proper protective equipment and work practices.
Protective Equipment: Use chemical-resistant (i.e., PVC or Solvex) gloves, aprons, or clothing if prolonged or repeated skin contact may occur. Use splash goggles or face shield when eye contact may occur.
Use respiratory equipment as established by the Safety Program detailed in our Safety Manual. Cartridge or air supplied respirators would be required in areas which are not well ventilated. LARGE spill cleanup would require SCBA's or air line respirators with emergency pacs.
Work Practices & Engineering Controls: Ventilation is not to be used when it is necessary to prevent build-up of toxic vapors. Keep containers closed when not in use.
FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Eye Contact: If splashed into the eyes, flush with tape or potable water for 15 minutes or until irritation subsides. If irritation continues, call a physician.
Skin Contact: In case of skin contact, remove any contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with water and soap.
Inhalation: Any person suffering from overexposure should be moved into fresh air. If breathing stops, artificial respiration should be given. Medical attention must be sought immediately.
Ingestion: If ingested, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Call emergency mecial aid immediately.
GENERAL CHEMICAL GROUP TRAINING: COMBUSTIBLE/FLAMMABLE ORGANIC SOLVENTS (most common are solvent-based paints, acetone, cleaning solvents)
GENERAL HEALTH EFFECTS
Inhalation: Low concentrations of solvent vapors can cause drowsiness and headaches. Higher concentrations are irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract, and may cause dizziness or sleepiness; even higher levels may cause unconsciousness, and may have other central nervous system and other body organ effects.
Eyes: Splashes of liquid in the eye may cause irritation and pain. Organic solvents are not known to cause permanent eye damage like concentrated acids or bases.
Skin: Prolonged or repeated liquid contact with the skin may cause drying and defatting of the skin, leading to possible irritation and dermatitis. Organic solvents are also absorbed through the skin.
Ingestion: Toxic by ingestion, however this is not a normal route of exposure in the workplace.
Long-Term Chronic Hazard: Each organic solvent's long-term possible health effects will vary. In general, organic solvent exposures are related to possible liver, kidney and central nervous system and brain damage.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Many organic solvents are flammable and combustible and represent fire and explosion hazard if the materials are not handled correctly. The materials are generally stable and will not react violently with water. Flammable chemical has flash point below 100 degrees F and combustible chemical has flash point between 100 and 200 degrees F.
The materials will vaporize rapidly and become airborne. These materials produce flammable vapors and need proper handling.
DETECTION OF RELEASE & SPILL CONTROL
If the material is spilled or leaks, shut off and eliminate all sources of ignition. Organic solvents usually have low odor thresholds, so their presence can be detected by smell.
EXPOSURE CONTROL
Use local exhaust ventilation. The ventilation is designed to reduce exposures to various chemicals to safe levels. In cleaning operations where ventilation is not provided locally and/or where there is potential skin contact, then personal protective clothing and proper work practices should be used.
Protective Equipment: Use chemical-resistant materials such as PVC, Solvex, nitrile type gloves, aprons, or clothing if prolonged or repeated skin contact may occur. Use splash goggles or face shield with safety glasses when eye contact may occur.
Use respiratory equipment in areas not well ventilated and as directed by your supervisor.
Work Practices & Engineering Controls: Ventilation is to be used when it is necessary to prevent build-up from health, fire and explosion levels.
Keep containers closed when not in use. Do not handle or store near heat or sources of ignition or strong oxidants. No smoking is permitted in the vicinity of the flammable vapors. Use the bonding and/or grounding system when transferring materials.
FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Eye Contact: If splashed into the eyes, flush with tape or potable water for 15 minutes. If irritation continues, call a physician.
Skin Contact: In case of skin contact, remove any contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with water and soap.
Inhalation: If overcome by vapors, remove from exposure and call a physician immediately. If breathing is irregular or has stopped, start resuscitation.
Ingestion: If ingested, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Call emergency medical aid immediately.
GENERAL CHEMICAL GROUP TRAINING: COMPRESSED GASES (examples: ACETYLENE, AIR, ARGON, CARBON DIOXIDE, HELIUM, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN (inert gases), OXYGEN, PROPANE)
GENERAL HEALTH EFFECTS: Effects depend on the gas. Some gases such as chlorine and anhydrous ammonia are highly toxic and reactive. Other gases like nitrogen are inert to the body but can cause serious threat in a confined space if the gas displaces air (oxygen deficiency). All compressed gases share similar physical hazards associated with pressure release.
TYPES OF HAZARDS: The gases listed above may represent a safety hazard because they are:
1. Under high pressure
2. Extremely cold
3. Inert (displace air)
4. Oxidizers (highly reactive)
5. Flammable
HIGH PRESSURE HAZARD: Cylinder gases are under high pressure and this pressure can present a hazard. To prevent accident, always observe the following rules:
1. Read and follow instructions on cylinder label.
2. Never move a cylinder without the cylinder cap in place.
3. Always use pressure-reducing equipment conditioned for the
intended use.
4. Always restrain cylinders in service to assure against their
falling.
5. Never store full cylinders near sources of heat.
6. Never tamper with the cylinder valve or cylinder safety
device. If defective, do not attempt to repair; call
manufacturer immediately.
7. Never attempt to transfer gas from one cylinder to another.
LOW TEMPERATURE HAZARD: Some of the argon, carbon dioxide, and oxygen will be received in liquid form under pressure. In such form, the liquid and its vapor are extremely cold, ranging from - 109 to -320 degrees F for nitrogen. Contact with material at these temperatures results in immediate destruction of tissue or can cause severe frostbite. The following precautions must be followed:
1. Never allow any of these liquids or their vapors to come in
contact with the body or handle valves with bare skin.
2. During transfer, eye and skin protection must be worn.
Clothing should include long sleeves and full length pants.
Loose fitting gloves should be worn.
3. Cylinders containing liquids must be kept upright and should
never be rolled.
4. These liquid gases will expand many hundred times when
vaporized from the liquid to the gaseous state. All containers
and piping systems must be fitted with suitable safety relief
devices. If this is not done, vessel rupture will result with
explosive forces.
5. Cold gases are heavier than air and will tend to accumulate in
low spots. This presents additional hazards during leaks,
especially in confined spaces.
INERT GASES (ARGON, CARBON DIOXIDE, HELIUM, NITROGEN; also see Confined Space Program if inert gases are contained or could enter a space)
CARBON DIOXIDE is not a toxic gas. Howevwer, high levels can cause headaches, increased respiration, rapid circulation, and can cause oxygen deficiencies at very high levels, leading to coma and death.
ARGON, HELIUM and NITROGEN are nontoxic but in a confined space can act as simply asphyxiates by replacing the air. This results from the replacement of oxygen in the air, which causes symptoms similar to those of intoxication. Higher concentrations that exclude oxygen can cause headaches, nausea, and unconsciousness.
OXYGEN, OXIDIZER HAZARD
Oxygen is the vital element in the atmosphere by which we sustain life. However, breathing high concentrations in an oxygen- enriched environment cause symptoms of cramps, nausea, dizziness, respiratory difficulties, fainting and convulsions capable of leading to death.
Oxygen at concentrations above 23 percent allows materials which normally do not burn in air to burn with explosive forces. Flames are hotter and spread faster. The higher the oxygen concentration, the greater the hazard.
Industrial and medical oxygen each have a purity of at least 99.5 percent and must be handled as an oxidizer. The following precautions must be observed:
1. Never substitute oxygen for compressed air.
2. Keep all organic materials, especially oil, grease, wood,
cloth, etc. away from contact with oxygen.
3. Never attempt to lubricate or repair any equipment used in
oxygen service.
4. Do not permit smoking or open flames in any area where oxygen
is present in concentrations above those in air (21 percent).
5. Equipment supplied for use with oxygen is specially cleaned
and packaged to prevent contamination.
6. Do not use oxygen in confined areas.
7. When liquid oxygen is spilled or vented, a white cloud of gas
results. Standing in or near this cloud will saturate clothing
with oxygen, making it extremely flammable. Should this happen,
personnel involved should move to a clear area and avoid smoking,
open flames, or other sources of ignition for at least one half
hour.
FLAMMABLE HAZARD (ACETYLENE, HYDROGEN, PROPANE)
If any of these gases are mixed with air or oxygen in a confined space, the mixture will explode if ignited from any cause. Concentrations as low as 2 percent in air can result in an explosive mixture. These gases may also act as an asphyxiant by displacing the oxygen in the air. To avoid accidents, the following safety precautions are to be followed:
1. Store cylinders out-of-doors or in well-ventilated areas.
Never store with oxygen cylinders or near sources of heat, nor in
confined spaces.
2. Never use these gases if there are any leaks in the cylinders
or associated equipment. If leaks cannot be stopped, the
equipment should be moved out-of-doors to a location away from
ignition sources and your supplier notified.
3. Do not permit smoking or open flames in areas where these
gases are stored or used.
4. Acetylene may react violently if allowed to expand from a
pressure greater than 15 psig to the atmosphere. Be sure that
all delivery regulators are set for a pressure below 15 psig.
Never permit the pressure of free acetylene to exceed 15 psig.
5. Acetylene should not be used with copper, mercury, silver,
their salts, compounds and alloys since an explosive compound may
be formed.
DETECTION OF RELEASE
Releases may be noticed by the regulatory pressure or in the case of a rapid release the cylinder could become airborne.
APPROPRIATE EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Inhalation: Persons should be assisted to an uncontaminated area. (NOTE: Entry into a confined space is prohibited even for rescue unless the person has SCBA unit on and is trained in confined space rescue procedures). Unconscious persons should be moved to an uncontaminated area, given mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and supplemental oxygen for exposure to any of the gases except oxygen. Medical assistance should be sought immediately.
Oxygen Inhalation: Conscious persons should be assisted to an uncontaminated area to inhale fresh air. They should be kept warm and quiet. The physician should be informed that the victim is experiencing hyperoxia (too much oxygen).
Unconscious persons should be moved to an uncontaminated area and given mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Medical assistance should be sought immediately.
GENERAL CHEMICAL GROUP TRAINING: EPOXY RESIN HARDENERS
GENERAL HEALTH EFFECTS
Inhalation: Vapor/mist exposures may cause pulmonary and skin sensitization.
Skin: Hardeners are strong sensitizing skin agents which can cause dermatitis.
Eyes: Will cause corneal injury which could result in blindness.
Ingestion: Toxic by ingestion.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
If burned, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are released. Rapid heat-producing reactions occur when bulk mixing hardener with the resin.
DETECTION OF RELEASE & SPILL CONTROL
If spilled, wipe up under local exhaust conditions or with respirator protection, including either air-supplied or with small spills chemical cartridges for amine protection.
Unmixed material should be sealed in plastic bags or containers. Mixed products should be allowed to harden, then disposed. Fully mixed and reacted material that has hardened is no longer reactive and may be disposed of as normal refuse.
EXPOSURE CONTROL
Due to the potential for skin and pulmonary sensitization reactions, the hardener should only be used in exhaust-controlled areas.
Protective Equipment: Use chemical-resistant gloves or clothing if skin contact may occur. Use splash goggles or face shield when eye contact may occur.
Use respiratory equipment as established by our Safety Program or in the event of an emergency clean-up.
Work Practices & Engineering Controls: All decanting, mixing and work with the materials should be performed under local exhaust ventilation and be conducted according to the MSDS procedures.
Thoroughly wash off any skin contamination immediately. Keep containers closed when not in use.
FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Eye Contact: If splashed into the eyes, flush with water for 15 minutes or until irritation subsides. If irritation continues, call a physician.
Skin Contact: In case of skin contact, remove any contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with water and soap.
Inhalation: If breathing difficulty develops, seek medical attention.
Ingestion: If ingested, call emergency medical aid immediately.
GENERAL CHEMICAL GROUP TRAINING: FORMALDEHYDE
HEALTH EFFECTS: Acute Effects of Overexposure
Ingestion: Liquids containing 10 to 40 percent formaldehyde cause severe irritation and inflammation of the mouth, throat, and stomach. Ingestion of dilute solutions of 0.03 to 0.04 percent may cause discomfort in the stomach and throat.
Inhalation: Formaldehyde is highly irritating to the upper respiratory tract and eyes. The following effects are commonly reported at the concentrations shown below:
--Concentrations of 0.5 to 2 ppm may irritate the eyes, nose, and
throat of some individuals.
--Concentrations of 3 to 5 ppm also cause tearing of the eyes and
are intolerable to some persons.
--Concentrations of 10 to 20 ppm cause difficulty in breathing,
burning of nose and throat, cough and heavy tearing of the eyes.
--Concentrations of 25 to 30 ppm cause severe respiratory tract
injury leading to pulmonary edema and pneumonitis.
--A concentration of 100 ppm is immediately dangerous to life and
health.
Skin: 37 percent is a severe skin irritant and is seen as a sensitizer by some. Contact with the solution causes white discoloration, smarting, drying, cracking, and scaling. Prolonged and repeated contact with very low percentage formaldehyde products may cause localized irritation.
Eye Contact: Formaldehyde solutions splashed in the eye can cause injuries ranging from transient discomfort to severe, permanent corneal clouding and loss of vision. The severity of the effect depends on the concentration of formaldehyde in the solution and whether or not the eyes are flushed with water immediately after the accident.
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE
Cancer Agent: Formaldehyde is thought to have the potential to cause cancer in humans. Repeated and prolonged exposure increases the risk. Various animal experiments have shown formaldehyde to be a cancer agent in rats.
Respiratory Toxicity: Prolonged or repeated exposure to formaldehyde may result in respiratory impairment. Some persons have developed asthma or bronchitis following exposure to formaldehyde, most often as the result of an accidental spill involving a single exposure at high concentrations.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Formaldehyde is flammable when exposed to heat or flame. It can react vigorously with oxidizers. Poses a moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Should formaldehyde be involved in a fire, irritating gaseous formaldehyde may evolve.
DETECTION OF RELEASE
Formaldehyde is very odoriferous and can be readily detected by smell. If the material is spilled or leaks, shut off and eliminate all sources of ignition.
EXPOSURE CONTROL
Use product in a well-ventilated area. Wear impermeable gloves (butyl rubber) and aprons if skin contact possible, goggles if possible eye splash hazard.
Protective Equipment: Use chemical-resistant gloves, aprons, or clothing if skin contact may occur. Gloves are required to be worn when there is a potential for skin contact with products containing more than 1 percent formaldehyde. Use splash goggles or face shield when eye contact may occur. Goggles are required for prevention of splashes in the eyes when products containing more than 1 percent formaldehyde are used.
Use respiratory equipment as established by the PSU Safety Program. (A review of the respiratory protection program may be appropriate.)
FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Eye Contact: If splashed into the eyes, flush with tap or potable water for 30 minutes or until irritation subsides. If irritation continues, call a physician.
Skin Contact: In case of skin contact, remove any contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with water and soap.
Inhalation: If overcome by vapors, remove from exposure and call a physician immediately. If breathing is irregular or has stopped, start resuscitation.
GENERAL CHEMICAL GROUP TRAINING: GLYCOL ETHERS (i.e., ETHYLENE GLYCOL - ANTIFREEZE)
HEALTH EFFECTS
Inhalation: Respiratory tract irritation and in high concentration fainting or narcosis. Pulmonary edema may develop in extreme overexposures.
In the past few years, concern has grown over possible human reproductive risks from exposures to glycol ethers. Research has found that inhalation and dermal absorption of some glycol ethers can cause fetal death in test animals. These effects have NOT been reported in humans, but there is reason to be concerned.
Skin: Liquid contact with the skin may cause drying and defatting of the skin, leading to possible irritation and dermatitis. Glycols do absorb into the body through the skin.
Eyes: Irritant to the eyes upon contact.
Ingestion: Acute toxic effects are produced by ingestion.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Several of the products contain other hazardous ingredients, including alcohol, chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.
DETECTION OF RELEASE
If the material is spilled or leaks, shut off and eliminate all sources of ignition. Recover the free product by adding sand, earth, or other absorbents to the spill. Minimize breathing vapors and skin contact. Ventilate the area with local exhaust or by opening windows and doors. Follow the hazardous waste disposal procedures we have established.
EXPOSURE CONTROL
Use product in a well-ventilated area. Wear impermeable gloves and aprons if skin contact is possible and goggles if potential eye splash hazard.
Protective Equipment: Use chemical-resistant gloves, aprons, or clothing if skin contact may occur. Use splash goggles or face shield when eye contact may occur.
Use respiratory equipment as established by our Safety Program. (Note: If needed, a review of the respiratory protection program may be appropriate.)
Work Practices & Engineering Controls: Ventilation is to be used when it is necessary to prevent build-up of vapors. Keep containers closed when not in use. Do not handle or store near heat, or sources of ignition or strong oxidants.
FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Eye Contact: If splashed into the eyes, flush with tape or potable water for 15 minutes or until irritation subsides. If irritation continues, call a physician.
Skin Contact: In case of skin contact, remove any contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with water and soap.
Inhalation: If overcome by vapors, remove from exposure and call a physician immediately. If breathing is irregular or has stopped, start resuscitation.
Ingestion: If ingested, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Call emergency medical aid immediately.
GENERAL CHEMICAL GROUP TRAINING: ISOCYANATES (e.g., VEHICLE PAINT, FOAMING AGENTS)
GENERAL HEALTH EFFECTS
Inhalation: Asthmatic symptoms can occur following sensitization to diisocyanates. There is also the possibility of developing hypersensitivity pneumonitis. If an employee is sensitized to isocyanates, complete removal of the person from areas of potential exposure to vapor or mist is necessary.
Other effects of acute exposure include headache, insomnia, irritability, fatigue, nausea, and loss of appetite. Chronic symptoms are unusual tiredness, concentration difficulties, impaired memory and dizziness.
Eyes: Diisocyanates can cause irritation of the skin, respiratory tract (nose, throat, lungs) and eyes.
Skin: Sensitization resulting in allergic dermatitis can occur following overexposure. The solvent involved with the isocyanate can defat and penetrate through the skin, allowing penetration of isocyanate into the body.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Isocyanates are reactive with compounds which contain hydrogen, e.g., water ammonia, amines, and alcohol. The heat and products generated from such reactions can result in a pressure build-up in closed containers that is sometimes sufficient to rupture the vessel.
DETECTION OF RELEASE & SPILL CONTROL
The solvents in the paints usually have low odor thresholds, and thus are easily detected by smell. Diisocyanates have no odor threshold and consequently a potential isocyanate spill can only be detected visually.
If the material is spilled or leaks, shut off and eliminate all sources of ignition. Do not allow anyone to enter the area. Ventilate the area with local exhaust or by opening windows and doors.
EXPOSURE CONTROL
Use local exhaust ventilation. The ventilation is designed to reduce exposures to various chemicals to safe levels. In cleaning operations where ventilation is not provided locally and/or where there is potential skin contact, personal protective clothing and proper work practices should be used.
Protective Equipment: Use chemical-resistant materials such as butyl rubber gloves, aprons, or clothing if prolonged or repeated skin contact may occur. Use splash goggles or face shield with safety glasses when eye contact may occur.
Use respiratory equipment in areas not well ventilated and as directed by your supervisor.
Work Practices & Engineering Controls: Ventilation is to be used when it is necessary to prevent build-up of vapors from health threatening, fire, and explosion levels.
Keep containers closed when not in use. Do not handle or store near heat or sources of ignition or strong oxidants. No smoking is permitted in the vicinity of the flammable vapors. Use the bonding and/or grounding system when transferring materials.
FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Eye Contact: If splashed into the eyes, flush with warm tap or potable water for 15 minutes. If irritation continues, call a physician.
Skin Contact: In case of skin contact, remove any contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with water and soap.
Inhalation: If overcome by vapors, remove from exposure and call a physician immediately. If breathing is irregular or has stopped, start resuscitation.
Ingestion: If ingested, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Call emergency medical aid immediately.
GENERAL CHEMICAL GROUP TRAINING: LUBRICANTS, OILS AND METAL WORKING COOLANTS
HEALTH EFFECTS
Lubricants and oils are usually petroleum-based materials, metal coolants are generally synthetic water-borne chemicals. All these products are generally low in toxicity and the primary hazard is prolonged and repeated skin contact which results in skin irritation and rashes (dermatitis).
Lubricants, Grease & Oils: Principle effect is to dry and crack the skin. Oil can be trapped in skin pores, resulting in pills- acme infections. Oil mists can cause respiratory irritations and severe exposure leads to pneumonia conditions. Most lubricants are low hazard materials. (See physical hazards.)
Metal Working Coolants: There are three major types of coolants: insoluble oil, soluble emulsifying oils, and synthetic water- based coolant. The most common problem associated with coolants is dermatitis, especially in relation to the water-soluble forms. Mild cases are characterized by dryness, redness, and itching; severe cases by scaling, rash, swelling, cracking, and oozing. There are also reports of allergic reactions to coolants. Fine metal fine particles can also cause mechanical skin damage or allergic reactions. Mists can result in respiratory irritation.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
High-pressure injection of lubricants into the skin is not a common occurrence, but dangerous for those using air pressure lube or hydraulic oil systems. This can result in impact damage and, after several hours, swelling to severe cases of gangrene and permanent loss of function.
DETECTION OF RELEASE
Visual observation. The products are a hazardous waste and are not permitted in storm and sanitary sewer systems.
EXPOSURE CONTROL
Currently no exposure standards exist for the soluble water-borne coolants. Oil mists do have specific exposure limits. There are recognized controls to be taken when using oils and coolants:
1. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly and frequently. Overwashing with harsh or abrasive cleaners can cause skin problems. Use mild soaps and moisturizing creams or lotions after washing.
2. Barrier creams applied to clean hands can be helpful in reducing skin problems.
3. Work clothes should be cleaned once they are contaminated with coolants.
4. Eye wear should be worn to prevent splash and contact with fine metal particles.
5. Coolant should be filtered and ventilation is needed with some operations to control the overspray of coolant.
FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Eye Contact: If particles catch in the eyes, flush with potable water until irritation subsides. If irritation continues, call a physician.
Inhalation: This is more of a chronic than an acute hazard. There should not be any problem that requires acute respiratory first aid.
GENERAL CHEMICAL GROUP TRAINING: ORGANIC DUSTS (i.e., WOOD DUST)
GENERAL HEALTH EFFECTS
1. Wood Dust: Wood is a complex biologic and chemical material consisting primarily of cellulose and lignin. The two general classes are hard and soft wood, each with its own structure and composition. Our mills use both types of wood.
The hazard is from inhalation and skin contact. Wood dust exposure may cause eye and skin irritation and respiratory effects, and hard woods have been related to upper respiratory cancers. The irritation is caused by mechanical action on the skin or mucous membranes. Chemical effects lead to respiratory ailments and sensitization. Allergic dermatitis is characterized by redness, scaling, and itching. Respiratory ailments have included bronchitis, impairment of breathing functions, and asthma. Middle ear infections resulting from sinus and nasal problems have been found.
2. Other Organic Dusts: While OSHA does not specifically regulate other organic dusts, various organic materials can cause respiratory effects and skin allergies. Respiratory effects include asthma and obstructive airway diseases.
PHYSICAL/HEALTH HAZARDS
Organic dusts are all combustible and collection systems must be designed to prevent explosions. Organic materials are not to be mixed with oxidizers or concentrated acids and caustics.
EXPOSURE CONTROL
Use Local Exhaust Ventilation. The ventilation is designed to reduce exposures to safe levels. Local exhaust and general ventilation need to be designed to remove the dust safely.
Protective Equipment. Respirators would be needed in high dust levels. Gloves and protective clothing are necessary under certain conditions of contact.
Eye Protection. Chips and high dust areas would require safety glasses with side shields.
Protective Clothing. Not under normal operations.
Respiratory Protection. Use respiratory equipment in areas not well ventilated and as directed by your supervisor.
Work Practices & Engineering Controls. Ventilation is to be used when it is necessary to prevent build-up of dusts.
FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Eye/Skin Contact: General proper personal hygiene.
Inhalation: In general, not an issue of acute exposure. The potential problem is one of chronic nature unlikely to require first aid procedures.
GENERAL CHEMICAL GROUP TRAINING: OXIDIZERS (HYDROGEN PEROXIDE)
HEALTH EFFECTS
Inhalation: Respiratory tract irritation.
Skin: Corrosive skin irritant.
Eyes: Corrosive to the eyes upon contact. The eyes are particularly sensitive to this material.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Very powerful oxidizer. A dangerous fire hazard by chemical reaction with flammable materials. A severe explosion hazard when highly concentrated or exposed to heat or shock. Explodes on contact with alcohol and sulfuric acid.
DETECTION OF RELEASE
If the material is spilled or leaks, shut off and eliminate all sources of ignition.
EXPOSURE CONTROL
Use product in a well-ventilated area. Wear impermeable gloves (butyl rubber) and aprons if skin contact is possible and goggles if potential eye splash hazard.
Protective Equipment: Use chemical-resistant gloves (butyl rubber), aprons, or clothing if skin contact may occur. Use splash goggles or face shield when eye contact may occur.
Use respiratory equipment as established by our Safety Program. (Note: if needed, a review of the respiratory protection program may be appropriate.)
Work Practices & Engineering Controls: It is important to keep containers of this material covered because uncovered containers are more prone to react with flammable vapors or gases; and if uncovered, the water from a hydrogen peroxide solution can evaporate, concentrating the material and increasing the fire hazard of the remainder.
FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Eye Contact: If splashed into the eyes, flush with tap or potable water for 15 minutes or until irritation subsides. If irritation continues, call a physician.
Skin Contact: In case of skin contact, remove any contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with water and soap.
Inhalation: If overcome by vapors, remove from exposure and call a physician immediately. If breathing is irregular or has stopped, start resuscitation.
Ingestion: If swallowed, the sudden evolution of oxygen may cause injury by acute distention of the stomach and also nausea, vomiting, and internal bleeding.
GENERAL CHEMICAL GROUP TRAINING: SILICA & MAN-MADE SYNTHETIC FIBERS
HEALTH EFFECTS
Silica is generally more hazardous than man-made synthetic fibers, but some refractory synthetic ceramic fibers convert to a silica form at high temperatures.
SILICA
Silica is a principal constituent in most natural sands and many gravels. The hazard comes from breathing in dust that contains silica. The smaller particles which get into the lower lungs are the most dangerous to an employee's health.
Inhalation: Respiratory effects result generally from chronic prolonged exposure which can lead to a chronic lung disease called Silicosis (lung tissue scarring and fibrosis). Breathing capacity may be reduced. Smoking aggravates the effects of silica exposure and persons with silicosis may be more susceptible to tuberculosis. Silica has been found to cause cancer in test animals, but the data currently are too limited on humans to call silica a confirmed human cancer agent.
Skin: Skin contact may cause drying, but silica dust is not absorbed into the body through the skin.
Eyes: Irritation in high dust areas.
Ingestion: Not seen to be a route of exposure or hazard.
MAN-MADE CERAMIC FIBERS & REFRACTORS
This term refers to vitreous fibers, including refractory ceramic fiber, fibrous glass wool, and mineral wool (rock/slag). These products do not have a specific OSHA standard, but the byproducts or total dust levels can be measured and compared to general chemical standards.
HEALTH EFFECTS: RESPIRATORY AND SKIN
Refractory materials subject to high heat can form a type of silica and represent a silica exposure hazard. A silica material called cristobalite forms after ceramic fibers have been heated to temperatures in excess of 1700 degrees F. Skin irritation can occur due to the mechanical actoin of the fibers on the skin.
Do ceramic fibers lead to the same health effects as asbestos? The answer is not fully known. The toxicological effects of ceramic fibers have been studied since the 1940s. The first study, concluded in 1955, showed ceramic fibers to be biologically inert and not a factor in pulmonary disease. However, two recent animal studies do not support this position. Currently, ceramic fibers are considered possible human lung cancer agents.
Ceramic fibers, like other manufactured fibers, do cause some level of skin irritation due to the mechanical action of fibers on the skin. This irritation can also lead to secondary skin infections. The material should be kept off the skin to prevent irritation. These effects should be fully reversible.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Skin irritation, but the materials do not represent a physical hazard. Products are inert and stable.
DETECTION OF RELEASE
Visual observation. The products are not considered hazardous wastes unless mixed with other waste streams.
EXPOSURE CONTROL
Currently no exposure standards exist for ceramic fiber exposure as to the fiber. However, there are standards which deal with silica exposure based on the airborne exposure levels.
The manufacturers of ceramic fibers are currently recommending fiber exposure control based on an exposure limit of 2 fibers per cubic centimeter of air (2f/cc). The manufacturers have also issued a series of recommended practices which can be found on the products MSDS. These include:
1. Reduce dust exposure to the fibers and silica to within legal and recommended standards.
2. Minimize dust exposure by use of wet methods or vacuum or ventilation systems.
3. Use protective equipment, including whole body coverings, gloves, and respirators (at least 1/2 facepiece respirator with HEPA cartridges).
4. Maintain good housekeeping to control dust exposures.
FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Eye Contact: If particles catch in the eyes, flush with potable water until irritation subsides. If irritation continues, call a physician.
Inhalation: More a chronic than an acute hazard. There should not be any problem that requires acute respiratory first aid.
GENERAL CHEMICAL GROUP TRAINING: WELDING EXPOSURES (GAS & ARC WELDING -- see metal hazards listed on the MSDS's)
GENERAL HEALTH EFFECTS
Welding fumes and gases cannot be classified simply. The composition and quantity of both are dependent upon the metal being welded, the process, the procedures, electrodes and filler wire. The fumes from welding and flame cutting arise from a variety of sources:
-- from the electrode being consumed (the fume and gas decomposition products generated are different in form and percentage from those listed on the MSDS ingredients/chemical composition section)
-- from the metal being welded or in the filler rod (e.g., iron, aluminum, or other constituents of various types of steel such as nickel or chromium
-- from any metallic coating on the article being welded or on the filler rod (e.g., zinc or cadmium from plating; zinc from galvanizing and copper as a thin coating on continuous mild steel filler rods; lead from certain steels and paint coatings)
-- from any paint, grease, debris, etc., on the article being welded (e.g., carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, smoke, or other irritant breakdown products)
-- from the flux coating on the filler rod (e.g., inorganic fluoride)
-- by the action of heat or ultraviolent light on the surrounding air (e.g., nitrogen dioxide, ozone)
-- from inert gas used as a shield (e.g., carbon dioxide, helium, argon)
PHYSICAL/HEALTH HAZARDS
Gas Welding: Burns of the eyes and exposed parts of the body may occur owing to spattering of incandescent metal particles. Intense radiation from the flame and incandescent metal in the weld pool can cause discomfort. Since explosions can occur when acetylene gas is present in air, adequate ventilation and examination to assure freedom from gas leaks are essential.
Arc Welding: The brilliant light emitted by an electric arc contains a high proportion of ultraviolet radiation. Arc flash may produce a painful conjunctivitis known as arc-eye or eye- flash. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation may also cause overheating and burning of the skin.
The risk of electric shock is always present, therefore grounding on equipment is very important.
EXPOSURE CONTROL
Use local exhaust ventilation. The ventilation is designed to reduce exposures to various chemicals to safe levels. Local exhaust at the arc or downdraft welding tables or hoods along with general room ventilation must keep the fumes and gases below the legal limits.
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Eye Protection: Wear a welding helmet or use goggles with filter lens. Use protective screens and flash goggles if necessary to protect others.
Protective Clothing: Wear hand, head and body protection to prevent injury from radiation, sparks, splashes, and/or electrical shock. At a minimum, for arc welding this includes welder's gloves and a protective face shield.
Respiratory Protection: Use respiratory equipment in areas not well ventilated and as directed by your supervisor.
Work Practices & Engineering Controls: Ventilation is to be used when it is necessary to prevent build-up of fumes or gases. Protective screens should be used to shield others from the flash.
FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Eye/Skin Contact: For flash burns, contact a physician.
Inhalation: If overcome by fumes or gases, remove from exposure and call a physician immediately. If breathing is irregular or has stopped, start resuscitation.
QUIZ/REVIEW
EMPLOYEE/STUDENT NAME:
SUPERVISOR/INSTRUCTOR NAME:
DATE QUIZ TAKEN:
Part I (Questions 1 through 16), Complete Individually:
1. Which of the following statements is/are true about an MSDS? (Circle all correct statements.)
a. Every MSDS must include information about the physical and
health hazards of the chemical.
b. The user must write the MSDS.
c. MSDS's must be kept in a location that is readily accessible
to all employees that may be exposed to that chemical.
d. All MSDS's must be in the same format.
For 2-5, match the acronyms to their description:
2. CPC
3. MSDS
4. EHS
5. Toxic Effects
a. A description of the health effects that could occur if a person is overexposed to the chemical(s).
b. Equipment that is worn to protect the user from the effects of the chemical.
c. The department at PSU which can answer your questions regarding the PSU Hazard Communication Program.
d. The information sheets produced by the manufacturer which detail the specific characteristics and safety requirements.
6. All labels must include at least the identity of the substance and the appropriate hazard warnings.
T F (circle one)
7. Pipes containing hazardous chemicals do not have to be labeled.
T F (circle one)
8. Which of the following chemicals are hazardous?
a. Lead
b. Asbestos
c. Ammonium Nitrate
d. Liquefied Petroleum Gas
e. All of the above
9. The function of the Chemical Inventory/Index is to (circle all the correct statements):
a. Organize the MSDS's so they can be found.
b. To provide information as to the location of hazardous
materials for the fire department.
c. To comply with the OSHA requirements under the Hazard
Communication Rules.
d. To provide the status of chemical usage.
10. Where is the Chemical Inventory/Index kept at your campus or facility?
11. What action do you take when you have a chemical in your work area but there is no MSDS for the product?
12. On an annual basis, supervisors must provide safety training for hazardous non-routine tasks.
T F (circle one)
13. All vendors, contractors, or others hired by PSU who are not PSU employees must be informed about the PSU Hazard Communication Program.
T F (circle one)
14. What printout gives you information on all the user departments and what chemicals they have in stock?
a. The Chemical Inventory/Index
b. The Chemical Update Form
c. The College-Wide Inventory
d. None of the above.
15. If you want to dispose of a chemical and you can find another user department that could use it, which of the following must you do?
a. Give the chemical to the recipient with an MSDS.
b. Update your user department inventory to show the new
status of this chemical (if you got rid of all of it).
c. A and B are both correct.
d. Neither A nor B is correct.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOUND IN MSDS'S
ACUTE: An adverse effect on the human body with symptoms of high severity coming quickly to a crisis.
ASPHYXIANT: A gas or vapor which can take up space in the air and reduce the concentration of oxygen available in the body. Examples include acetylene, methane, and carbon dioxide. Asphyxiants are of special concern in confined spaces.
BOILING POINT: Temperature at which a liquid changes to a vapor state at a given pressure (usually sea level pressure = 760 mmHg). Mixtures may have a boiling range. Flammable materials with low boiling points usually present special fire hazards.
"C" OR CEILING: The maximum allowable human exposure limit for an airborne substance; not to be exceeded even momentarily. Examples: hydrogen chloride, chlorine, nitrogen dioxide, and some isocyanates have ceiling standards.
CARCINOGEN: A substance that causes cancer.
CC: Cubic centimeter; a volume measurement in the metric system, equal in capacity to one milliliter (ml).
CEILING LIMIT: The maximum amount of a toxic substance allowed to be in workroom air at any time during the day.
CHRONIC EFFECT: An adverse effect on a human or animal body with symptoms which develop slowly or over a long period of time or which recur frequently. The harmful effects resulting from asbestos and silica are considered "chronic effects."
CHRONIC TOXICITY: Adverse (chronic) effects resulting from repeated doses of or exposures to a substance over a relatively prolonged period of time. Ordinarily used to denote effects in experimental animals.
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID: Any liquid having a flash point at or above 100F (37.8C), but below 200F (93.3C), except any mixture having components with flash points of 200F (93.3C) or higher, the total volume of which make up 99 per cent or more of the total volume of the mixture.
COMMON NAME: Any designation or identification such as code name, code number, trade name, brand name, or generic name used to identify a chemical other than by its chemical name.
CORROSIVE: A liquid or solid that causes visible destruction in skin tissue at the site on contact.
CUTANEOUS HAZARDS: Chemicals which affect the dermal (skin) layer of the body. Signs and symptoms are defatting of the skin, rashes, irritation.
DECOMPOSITION: Breakdown of a material or substance (by heat, chemical reaction, electrolysis, decay, or other processes) into simpler compounds.
DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Describes the hazardous materials produced during heated operations.
DENSITY: The mass of a substance per unit volume. The density of a substance is usually compared to water, which has a density of 1. Substances which float on water have densities less than 1; substances which sink have densities greater than 1.
DERMAL: Used on or applied to the skin.
DERMAL TOXICITY: Adverse effects resulting from skin exposure to a substance. Ordinarily said to denote effects in experimental animals.
DERMATITIS: Inflammation of the skin.
EHS: Environmental Health and Safety office.
EVAPORATION RATE: The rate at which a product will vaporize when compared to the rate of vaporization of a known material (usually Butyl Acetate with rate designated as 1.0). Evaporation rate can be useful in evaluation of health and fire hazards of a material. Rates are classified as fast (greater than 3.0), medium (0.8 to 3.0), and slow (less than 0.9). Evaporation rate of water is 0.3.
EXPLOSIVE: A chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.
EXPLOSIVE LIMITS: The lowest concentration of a combustible or flammable gas or vapor in air that will produce a flash of fire. Mixtures below this concentration are too "lean" to burn.
EXPOSURE: A person's contact with a hazardous chemical in the course of employement through any route of entry (inhalation, ingestion, skin contact or absorption, etc.).
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: Specifies the fire-fighting agents that should be used to extinguish fires.
FLAMMABLE: Flammable limits describe the range of concentrations of a flammable gas or vapor in air that will produce a flash of fire in the presence of an ignition source. A "flammable liquid" is a solution with a flash point below 100F (37.8C).
FLASH POINT: The temperature at which a liquid will give off enough flammable vapor to ignite. The lower the flash point, the more dangerous the product. A "flammable liquid" is a solution with a flash point below 100F (37.8C). Flash point values are most important when dealing with hydrocarbon solvents. The flash point of a material may vary depending on the method used, so the test method is indicated when the flash point is given.
FORESEEABLE EMERGENCY: Any potential occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment which could result in an uncontrolled release of hazardous chemical into the workplace.
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL: In a broad sense, any substance or mixture of substances having properties capable of producing adverse effects on the health or safety or a human being.
HAZARD RATINGS: Material ratings of one to four which indicate the severity of hazard with respect to health, flammability, and reactivity.
HAZARD WARNING: Any words, picture, symbols, or combination thereof appearing on a label or other appropriate form of warning which conveys the hazards of the chemical(s) in the container(s).
HEALTH HAZARD: A chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles, that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. The term "health hazard" includes chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic system, and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
HEPATOTOXINS: Chemicals which produce liver damage.
HVAC: Heating, ventilation and air conditioning.
IGNITABLE: Capable of being set on fire.
INCOMPATIBLE: Materials which could cause dangerous reactions from direct contact with one another. These types of chemicals should never be stored together.
INGESTION: The taking in of a substance through the mouth.
INHALATION: The breathing in of a substance in the form of a gas, vapor, fume, mist, or dust.
IRRITANT: A substance which by contact in sufficient concentration for a sufficient period of time, will cause an inflammatory response or reaction of the eye, skin, or respiratory system. The contact may be a single exposure or multiple exposure.
LC: Lethal Concentration; a concentration of a substance being tested which will kill a test animal.
LETHAL CONCENTRATION 50 (LC50): The concentration of a material in air which on the basis of laboratory tests is expected to kill 50 per cent of a group of test animals when administered as a single exposure (usually 1 to 4 hours).
LD: Lethal Dose; a concentration of a substance being tested which will kill a test animal.
LETHAL DOSE 50 (LD50): A single dose of chemical which on the basis of laboratory tests is expected to kill 50 per cent of a group of test animals. The LD50 dose is usually expressed as milligrams or grams of chemical per kilogram of animal body weight (mg/kg or g/kg).
MELTING POINT: The temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state. For mixtures, the melting range may be given.
MIXTURE: Any combination or two or more chemicals if the combination is not in whole or in part the result of a chemical reaction.
MUTAGEN: Any substance able to induce mutations in DNA and living cells.
NARCOSIS: Stupor or unconsciousness produced by a chemical.
NEPHROTOXINS: Chemicals which produce kidney damage.
NEUROTOXINS: Chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous system.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS: Maximum allowable concentrations of toxic substances in workroom air to protect workers who are exposed to toxic substances over a working lifetime.
ORAL TOXICITY: Adverse effects resulting from taking a substance into the body via the mouth. Ordinarily used to denote effects in experimental animals.
OXIDIZER: A chemical other than a blasting agent or explosive that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials, thereby causing fire either of itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases.
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS (PEL's): PEL's are OSHA's legal exposure limits.
pH: A number that describes the acidity of alkalinity or an aqueous solution.
PHYSICAL HAZARD: A chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive.
POLYMERIZATION: A chemical reaction in which one or more small molecules combine to form larger molecules at a rate which releases large amounts of energy. If hazardous polymerization can occur with a given material, the MSDS usually will list conditions which could start the reaction; and since the material in most cases contains a polymerization inhibitor, it is usually used up, and no longer capable of preventing a reaction.
PPM (Parts Per Million): Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume.
PPB (Parts Per Billion): Parts of vapor or gas per billion parts of contaminated air by volume.
PPE: Personal Protective Equipment.
REACTIVITY: A description of the tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reaction with the release of energy. Undesirable effects such as pressure build-up, temperature increase, formation of noxious, toxic or corrosive byproducts may occur because of the reactivity of a substance by heating, burning, direct contact with other materials, or other conditions in use or in storage.
SENSITIZER: A substance which on first exposure causes little or no reaction but which on repeated exposure may cause a marked response not necessarily limited to the contact site. Skin sensitization is the most common form of sensitization in the industrial setting, although respiratory sensitization to a few chemicals is also known to occur.
SHIPPING INFORMATION: The appropriate name(s), hazard class(es), and identification number(s) as determined by the United States Department of Transportation, International Regulations, and the International Civil Aviation Organization.
SOLUBILITY: The extent to which a substance mixes with a liquid to produce a solution.
SOLVENT: Usually a liquid in which other substances are dissolved. The most common solvent is water.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: The ratio of the weight of a given volume of any substance to the weight of an equal volume of water.
STABILITY: An expression of the ability of a material to remain unchanged under expected and reasonable conditions of storage and use.
TERATOGEN: Any substance that causes growth abnormalities in embryos, genetic modifications in cells, etc.
THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES (TLV's): Expresses the airborne concentration of a material to which nearly all persons can be exposed day after day without adverse effects. TLV's are expressed three ways:
1. TLV-TWA: The allowable Time Weighted Average concentration for a normal 8-hour workday (40-hour work week).
2. TLV-STEL: The short-term exposure limit or maximum concentration for a continuous 15-minute exposure period (maximum of four such periods per day, with at least 60 minutes between exposure periods) and provided the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.
3. TLV-C: The ceiling exposure limit is the concentration that should never be exceeded, even instantaneously.
TOXICITY: The sum of adverse effects resulting from exposure to a material, generally by the mouth, skin, or respiratory tract.
TWA (Time Weighted Average exposure): The airborne concentration of a material to which a person is exposed, averaged the total exposure time; generally the total workday (8 to 12 hours).
VAPOR DENSITY: The density of a material's vapor, compared to the density of the air. If a vapor density is greater than one, it is more dense than air and it will drop to the floor or the lowest point available. If the density is less than one, it is lighter than air and will float upwards like helium.
VAPOR PRESSURE: The pressure exerted at a given temperature of a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid. The higher the vapor pressure, the more easily a liquid will evaporate. Liquid materials that evaporate easily are termed volatile, and this means that air concentrations can build up quickly when working with the material in liquid form. Materials with high vapor pressures may be particularly hazardous if you are working in enclosed or confined areas, or if the air circulation is poor. Note: Materials with lower vapor pressure still may pose an inhalation hazard.
WATER REACTIVE: A chemical that reacts with water to release a gas that is either flammable or presents a health hazard.
HAZARD RATING INDEX
The following explains the hazard rating codes used for secondary label system PSU has implemented. Wall charts and wallet cards are available which describe the following information and provide the color codes and symbols for various personal protective equipment. The codes will be found on the MSDS's or determined by the EH&S office. If you have any questions about the codes, please give EH&S a call.
I. Health Hazard Rating Codes (Blue Color Code)
0 Minimal Hazard No significant risk to health
1 Slight Hazard Irritation or minor reversible injury possible
2 Moderate Hazard Temporary or minor injury may occur
3 Serious Hazard Major injury likely unless prompt action is taken and medical treatment given
4 Severe Hazard Life-threatening, major, or permanent damage may result from single or repeated exposures
NOTE: Use of an asterisk (*) or other designation indicates that there may be chronic health effects. See the MSDS for further information.
II. Flammability Hazard Rating (Red Color Code)
0 Minimal Hazard Materials that are normally stable and will not burn unless heated
1 Slight Hazard Materials that must be preheated before ignition will occur. Flammable liquids in this category will have flash points at or above 200F (NFPA Class IIIB)
2 Moderate Hazard Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition will occur, including flammable liquids with flash point at or above 100F and below 200F (NFPA Class II & Class IIIA)
3 Serious Hazard Materials capable of ignition under almost all normal temperature conditions, including flammable liquids with flash points below 73F and boiling points above 100F as well as liquids with flash points between 73F and 100F (NFPA Class IB and IC)
4 Severe Hazard Very flammable gases or very volatile flammable liquids with flash points below 73F and boiling points below 100F (NFPA Class IA)
III. Reactivity Hazard Rating (Yellow Color Code)
0 Minimal Hazard Materials that are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and will not react with water
1 Slight Hazard Materials that are normally stable but can become unstable at high temperatures and pressures. These materials may react with water but they will not release energy violently.
2 Moderate Hazard Materials that, in themselves, are normally unstable and will readily undergo violent chemical change but will not detonate. These materials may also react violently with water.
3 Serious Hazard Materials that are capable of detonation or explosive reaction but require a strong initiating source or must be heated under confinement before initiation; or materials that react explosively with water.
4 Severe Hazard Materials that are readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures.
IV. Chronic Effects Information
Chronic health effects are not rated because of the complex issues involved, and the lack of standardized classifications and tests. However, based on information provided by the supplier, the presence of chronic effects is indicated by use of an asterisk (*) or other designation after the health hazard rating corresponding to other information available on the MSDS.
V. Personal Protective Equipment Symbols/Codes
Information provided on the MSDS or as department safety rules will be used to determine the proper personal protective equipment. Either a letter code or highlighting the specific symbol on the label will be used to show what PPE is required.
LABELS & RELATED MATERIALS
These are available through the EH&S office free of charge. The following are examples because additional labels and materials can be ordered and various different-sized labels are available.
ORDER # SIZE
I. Proper Hazard Communication Labels
1 2"w x 2"h 2 4"w x 4"h 3 4"w x 6"h 4 7-1/4"w x 10"h
These labels are used on primary containers if the original manufacturer's label is not legible or on secondary containers. They have a blank white space at the top for the chemical name and PSU MSDS number; blue/health, red/flammability, and yellow/reactivity spaces for the hazard rating index (HRI) number; and a white space at the bottom for special protection to list personal protective equipment (PPE)
5 5"w x 4"h
This is a clear mylar label used to protect information written on all container labels.
II. Training Materials
6 2-1/2"w x 7-1/4"w
This is a bookmark with a condensed description of the HRI on one side and the PPE on the other. This guide is helpful when labeling hazardous chemicals. If you use this as an instructional tool for the students in your classes, please order them through your own budget process.
7 4"w x 6"h
This is the same as #6 but all the information is on one side and in label form.
8 23"w x 29"h
Wall chart with detailed descriptions of HRI and PPE; like 6 and 7 listed above, but bigger and with more information.
III. Training Materials and Personal Protective Equipment
13 Training Tapes are obtainable from the Learning Resource Center (LRC)
14 Contact EH&S office for additional copies of PSU Technical Manual
15 Personal Protective Equipment suppliers: contact EH&S for information
IV. Hazardous Waste Label - Available by contacting EH&S office
CHEMICAL UPDATE FORM
The following form is to be used when a new chemical product is purchased and the information needs to be added to the user department's inventory and MSDS filing system.
The form is divided into several sections so the user department can inform the EH&S office of the addition of a new chemical or for the submission of an updated MSDS.
See the list (inventory) of chemicals and status codes on pages 8-11 for detailed information on the process. This form is to be used under the following conditions:
1. Add a single chemical to the list (Chemical Inventory/Index - CII)
2. To submit a revised MSDS for a product already in the CII
3. To change the status code
To make a major update in the inventory or change the status codes, the user department only needs to submit the handwritten changes on the CII to the EH&S office.
The following form is completed by the user department. EH&S provides the MSDS inventory number and will retain copies of the update form and MSDS's.
MSDS Inventory Assigned number:
CHEMICAL UPDATE FORM
Following to be completed by the chemical user
DATE:
NAME:
DEPT:
EXT:
BUDGET #:
CHEMICAL NAME (list product trade name or pure chemical name as listed on MSDS and on primary container label):
LOCATION OF CHEMICAL CAMPUS/CENTER:
BUILDING(S):
ROOM(S):
OTHER (OFF CAMPUS LOCATIONS(S)):
MANUFACTURER OR DISTRIBUTOR NAME & ADDRESS (Name of company supplying MSDS - only needed if the information is not on the MSDS):
BUSINESS PHONE:
FAX PHONE:
STATUS CODE OR SECONDARY LABEL CHANGES OR INFORMATION
NEW STATUS CODE NUMBER:
Status 1 Indicates a chemical is currently in use and a hard copy of the MSDS is on file
Status 2 Indicates a chemical is currently in use but an MSDS was not obtained from the manufacturer or importer and/or a generic chemical MSDS is being used for the product.
Status 3 Indicates a chemical is no longer in use by the university and/or user department, but previously was on the Chemical Inventory/Index
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:
ENCLOSURES - CHECK THE FOLLOWING:
MSDS
Updated Inventory
Copy of MSDS Request Letter
TRAINING DOCUMENTATION FORMS
Form #
1. HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM TRAINING VERIFICATION
2. NON-ROUTINE TASK TRAINING DOCUMENTATION
3. MULTI-EMPLOYER WORKPLACE TRAINING VERIFICATION
This checklist outlines the sections that must be covered during hazard communication training. This training is the responsibility of all Oregon employers with employees who have the potential of being exposed to hazardous substances. OAR 437, Division 2-1910.1200.
Name (Print):
Department:
Trainer Name (Print):
Initial Each Section Covered In Training
Overview of requirements contained in the Hazard Communication Rule
Review of chemicals present in the workplace
Location and availability of PSU Hazard Communication Program
Location of departmental and university-wide Chemical Inventory/Index
Location of departmental and university-wide MSDS notebooks
Discussion of where to find physical data and health effects of chemicals
Discussion of ways to determine the presence or release of hazardous chemicals into the work area
Discussion of safe work practices and emergency procedures
Discussion of how to determine appropriate personal protective equipment
Discussion of how to read labels and MSDS's
Review of steps taken by the department to reduce or prevent exposure to hazardous chemicals
Discussion of supervisor's responsibilities with respect to non-routine tasks and introduction of new chemicals into the workplace
I certify that I have received the above initialed training and I will follow these safe practices to the best of my ability.
Employee/Student Signature:
Trainer/Supervisor Signature:
Date:
Trainer/supervisor to keep original in department file. Give copy to employee.
FORM #2: NON-ROUTINE TASK TRAINING
List specific hazards of the job:
List protective and safety measures to be taken by the employee while performing the job:
Describe measures to be taken to reduce hazards:
Describe specific spill or leak clean-up procedures:
List specific hazards associated with the job environment, e.g., containers of other chemicals, pipes containing hazardous substances, etc.:
Supervisor Name: Signature:
Employee Name: Signature:
Date of Training:
Supervisor must keep original on file for review by Safety Committee, OR-OSHA, or employee.
PSU Department Supervisor Name:
Company Name of non-PSU Employee:
Type of Work:
Estimated Work Dates:
Location of Work - Campus: Building: Room:
Other Areas that might be affected:
Hazardous Chemicals they will be bringing to work area - list below (SEND COPIES OF MSDS's TO THE SUPERVISOR, WHO WILL FORWARD THEM TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH & SAFETY OFFICE):
Are Hazardous Chemicals stored or used in the area where the non- PSU employees will be working? Y / N
If the above statement is answered yes, then training on the PSU Hazard Communication Porgram must be given to the non- PSU employee.
Describe where the nearest PSU Hazard Communication Program Technical Manual is located in relation to the non-PSU employee's work area:
Date PSU Hazard Communication Program training given to the non- PSU employee:
I (please print name), ___________________, the supervisor in the area hiring this non-PSU employee, have exchanged the above listed information to this person.
Signature: Date:
I (please print name), ___________________, the non-PSU employee hired to do the work listed above, have been informed of the hazardous chemicals in this area and have received information describing the location of the PSU Hazard Communication Program, the inventory/index of hazardous chemicals, and the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS's) for that working area. I also have submitted to the hiring supervisor copies of the MSDS's of chemicals that we will bring into the work area.
Signature: Date:
Supervisor needs to retain a copy and forward a copy to EH&S.
MSDS REQUEST FORM
(Printed on PSU letterhead)
Date:
Company Address:
Subject: MSDS Request
___General Request ___MSDS Missing Page(s) ___MSDS Illegible ___Other _____________________________________________________
To Whom It May Concern:
Our records indicate we purchased the product(s) listed below. Please send me the MSDS(s). We need the MSDS(s) faxed immediately with an original forwarded by mail. Fax Number:
PSU MSDS # Product Name (include part numbers & colors)
__________ ____________________________________________
__________ ____________________________________________
__________ ____________________________________________
__________ ____________________________________________
Sincerely,
________________________
PSU Employee Signature